Explain the value of seasonal indices in forecasting. How are seasonal patterns different from cyclical patterns?

Five jobs are to be run-first on process I then on process II. The jobs are listed below with their time requirements on the two processes.
i) Sequence the jobs so that the total flow time and idle time will be minimized.
ii) Show the sequence and duration on a bar chart and indicate the time at which each job will be completed.

Table 1(c) shows the demand of a goods for the year 2003 to 2009. Develop a trend equation and forecast 2013 demand.

Table 1(c)

Name the phases of production planning and control (PPC). Write down the objectives of PPC.

How are inventory levels monitored in retail stores?

Kincaid Memorial Hospital uses 100 syringes of a particular style each day, 365 days per year. The distributor of this product offers the price schedule as in Table 2(c).
The cost to hold an item in inventory for a year is estimated to be 30 percent of its cost, and the order cost for this item is estimated to be $15 per order. Determine the most economical quantity to buy each item this syringe is purchased. Assume the minimum inventory is zero.

Table 2(c)

What is meant by reverse engineering? When it is required?

In Bangladesh, medial colleges are usually located at the centre of town. Do you think the location is appropriate? Justify your answer.

Justify the statement 'A good layout always ensure minimum material handling'.

A contractor in Chattogram has six jobs awaiting processing. Processing time and due dates are given in Table 3(c).
Set the processing sequence according to i) SPT ii) Slack iii) Critical ratio iv) EDD and evaluate, which sequencing rule the contractor should follow?

Table 3(c)

Consider the BOM of product A as follows:

      A
      |
  +---+---+----+
  |   |   |    |
B(1) C(2) D(1)
      |
      |
     E(1)

MPS of the product A is:

Lead time of the product A is 1 week. Required information for subitems are listed in the following table:

Prepare the MRP for subitem B and C.

In the branch of ergonomics, explain the following terms:
i) Kinesiology ii) Biomechanics iii) Workplace ergonomics iv) Cognitive ergonomics

What are the selection criteria to be followed while designing material handling equipment. Briefly explain.

Solve the following LP problem graphically:
Maximize $z = 30x_1 + 10x_2$
subject to:
$$3x_1 + x_2 \leq 300$$
$$x_1 + x_2 \leq 200$$
$$x_1 \leq 100$$
$$x_2 \geq 50$$
$$x_1 - x_2 \geq 0$$
$$x_1, x_2 \geq 0$$

Find an initial solution and total cost of the transportation problem in Table 5(b) by using North-west corner method and Vogel's method.

Table 5(b)

Describe the productivity cycle. How does the elements of productivity cycle can be measured?

Draw a project network, determine the critical path, project completion time, find the total float and free float for each activity shown in Table 6(b).

Table 6(b)

Explain the concept of line balancing and how this concept relates to that of a bottleneck.

What are the characteristics of JIT partnerships with respect to suppliers?

PT Adidan wants to produce 360 pairs of shoes in 10 hours/shift in a day. Draw a precedence diagram and assign tasks to workstations shown in Table 7(c). Calculate the balance delay and efficiency.

Table 7(c)

What are therbligs? Describe a simo chart in terms of the information it contains.

Why is it important that the analyst describe and record the work method employed by the operator being timed?

What do you understand by supply chain management? What are requirements for a successful supply chain?

Write short notes on 'Flow diagram'.

Why and how exponential smoothing method predicts more accurate value than moving average method?

Why is it important to measure tracking signal in forecasting?

A manufacturing company has monthly demand for one of its products as follows:

February: 520
March: 490
April: 550
May: 580
June: 600
July: 420
August: 510
September: 610

Develop a three-period moving average forecast and a three -period weighted moving average forecast with weights of 0.50, 0.30, and 0.20 for the most recent values, in that order. Calculate MSE for each forecast, and indicate which would seem to be more accurate?

Usually steam power plants are located beside a river. Do you thing, the location is appropriate? Justify your answer.

In a product layout, space for in-process inventory is always kept narrow. How could you over the limitation using process layout?

Two office manager for the Metro Life Insurance Company orders letterhead stationary from an office products firm in boxes of 500 sheets. The company uses 6500 boxes per year. Annual carrying costs are $3 per box, and ordering costs are$28. The following discount price schedule is provided by the office supply company:

What is the best purchase quantity?

The following figure shows the BOM of A

      [ A ]
        |
+-------+-------+
|       |       |
[ B(1) ] [ C(2) ] [ D(1) ]
   |
[ B(1) ]

MPS of the product A requires 100 units in week 3, 200 units in week 4, 50 units in week 5, and 150 units in week 6.
Following table shows the information of item B, C and D.

Develop MRP for the item B, C and D.

What is meant by ABC analysis in the inventory management?

A manufacturing firm produces two products. Each product must go through an assembly process and a finishing process. The product is then transferred to the warehouse, which has space for only a limited number of items. The following linear programming model has been developed for determining the quantity of each product to produce in order to maximize profit:

$$
\text{Maximize } Z = 30x_1 + 70x_2 \text{ (profit, $)}
$$
$$\text{Subject to } 4x_1 + 10x_2 \leq 80 \text{ (assembly, hours)}$$
$$14x_1 + 8x_2 \leq 112 \text{ (finishing, hours)}$$
$$x_1 + x_2 \leq 10 \text{ (inventory, hours)}$$
$$x_1, x_2 \geq 0$$

Solve the problem graphically

Consider the information of the following table:

(i) Draw the appropriate network, (ii) Calculate ET and LT of each activity, (iii) Find the critical path, and (iv) Calculate FF for each activity

The ELECTROCOMP corporation manufactures two electrical products: air conditioners and large fans. The assembly process is similar in requiring certain amount of wiring and drilling. Each air conditioner takes 3 hours of wiring and 2 hours of drilling. Each fan must go through 2 hours of wiring and 1 hour of drilling. During the next production period, 240 hours of wiring time are available and up to 140 hours of drilling time may be used. Each air conditioner sold yields a profit of $25. Each fan may be sold for a$15 profit. Formulate and solve this LP production mix situation, and find the best combination of air conditioners and fans that yields the higher profit.

Find an initial solution and total cost of the transportation problem in Table 5(b)
(i) by using Vogel's method, (ii) by lowest cost method

Table 5(b)

A company is setting up an assembly line to produce 192 units per 8 hour shift. Activity, task time and immediate predecessor are shown in Table 6(a). Draw a precedence diagram and assign tasks to workstations. Calculate the efficiency also.

Table 6(a)

What is reverse engineering? What are the ethical issues that need to be considered when doing reverse engineering?

What is process improvement? How can you ensure process improvement implementation?

Define the term MPS. Write down the attributes of MPS.

Develop a process chart for making a cup of tea using all the symbols.

Following data were obtained by a work study. Man form a study conducted by hours.
(i) Maintenance time: (1) Get out and put away tools = 12 min/day (2) Cleaning and oiling of machine = 10 min/day (3) Replenish coolant supply = 3 min/day
(ii) Interruption: (1) Interruption by foreman = 9 min/day (2) Personal time = 26 min/day

Calculate total allowances, total available cycle time productive hours, considering a working day of 8 hours.

Write down the objectives of material handling system. What are the selection criteria of material handling equipments?

Find the best sequence of doing the following jobs. Consider SPT, FCFS and EDD.

Write down the applications of reverse engineering. When reverse engineering is required?

What is meant by "Co-efficient of correlation" in forecasting? Using proper diagram, explain how its value can be varied.

What do you understand by the Man-Machine chart? Prepare a Man-Machine chart for Machining of a component.

Room registrations in the Toronto Tower Plaza Hotel have been recorded for the past 9 years. To project future occupancy, management would like to determine the mathematical trend of guest registration. Given the following time-series data, develop a regression equation relating registrations to time. Then forecast 2023 registrations. Room registrations are in the thousands:

What is unit load concept? What are the advantages and disadvantages of unit load concept?

Write down the functions of inventory. List the benefits of inventory control.

The Wizard Computers purchases 5000 hard drives per year for use in its computers. Each order costs $70.00. The inventory holding cost is 25% of the unit price. The supplier has provided the following price list. What would be the best order quantity?

Discuss factors affecting the selection of materials handling equipment in a production shop.

What are the three time estimates used with PERT?

Task time estimates for a production line setup project at Robert Klassen's Ontario factory are as follows:

(i) Draw the project network.
(ii) Identify the critical path by calculating TF of each activity.
(iii) What is the expected project length?

What is productivity? What are the productivity improvement techniques?

The following figure shows the BOM of A

         A
       / | \
      /  |  \
   B(1) C(2) D(1)
         |
       B(1)

MPS for the product A is listed as follows:

Lead time of A is 1 week. Following table shows other information.

Develop MRP for the product B, C, and D.

What is production and operations management? What are the key functions of an operation manager?

List and elaborate the functions of production planning and control.

Claire Consultants has been entrusted with task of evaluating business plan that has been divided into four sections - marketing, finance, operations and human resources. Chris, Steve, Juana, and Rebecca form the evaluation team. Each of them has expertise in a certain field and tends to finish that section faster. The estimated times taken by each team member for each section have been outlined in the table below. Each of these individuals is paid $60/hour.
(i) Assign each member to a different section such that Claire Consultants overall cost is minimized.
(ii) What is the cost of these assignments?

The values are in minutes.

What is ergonomics? Why is ergonomics important?

"Steam power plants are located beside the river". Do you think the location is appropriate? Justify your answer.

Write down the effect of bad layout in any industry.

Consider the following linear programming formation:
$$minimize \ cost =$1X_1 + $2X_2$$
Subject to:
$$X_1 + 3X_2 \geq 90$$
$$8X_1 + 2X_2 \geq 160$$
$$3X_1 + 2X_2 \geq 120$$
$$X_2 \leq 70$$
What is the optimum solution?

What is supply chain and supply chain management (SCM)? What are main objectives of SCM?

What are the four main reasons why reverse engineering is used?

For the following Karen-Reifsteck Corp. data, find the starting solution and initial cost using the Vogel's method.

State Johnson's rule. Using Johnson's sequencing rule solve the following problem

Consider the following six jobs that need to be processed by a single machine. The table below contains processing time and due date information of these jobs.

Create schedules for these six jobs according to SPT, EDD, and simple critical ratio rules. For each rule, compute the average flow time, average tardiness and number of tardy jobs.

Define the term productivity. Explain different types of productivity variables that influences in production process.

The following are monthly actual and forecast demand levels for May through December for units of a product manufactured by the N. Tamimi Pharmaceuticals Company:

What is the value of the tracking signal as of the end of December?

How do firms decide what the upper and lower tracking limits should be? Explain.

What are the objectives of supply-chain management?

What are the major functions of Inventory? What is meant by opportunity cost of Inventory?

Emery Pharmaceuticals uses an unstable chemical compound that must be kept in an environment where both temperature and humidity can be controlled. Emery uses 800 pounds per month of the chemical. Estimate the holding cost of 50% of the purchase price, and estimates order costs to be $50 per order. The cost schedules of two suppliers are as follows:

Vendor-1

Vendor-2

• What is the EOQ for each supplier?
• What quantity should be ordered, and which supplier should be used?
• What is the total cost for the most economic order size?

MeGee Carpet and Trim installs carpet in commercial offices. Andrea McGee has been very concerned with the amount of time it took to complete several recent jobs. Some of her workers are very unreliable. A list of activities and their optimistic completion time, the most likely completion time, and the pessimistic completion time (all in days) for a new contract are given in the following table:

• Determine the expected completion time and variance for each activity.
• Determine the total project completion time and the critical path for the project.
• Determine ES, EF, LS, LF and slack for each activity.
• What is the probability that McGee Carpet and Trim finish the project in 40 days or less?

Distinguish between Re-engineering and Reverse Engineering with example.

Explain the meaning and significance of plant location. How will you decide the location of a mini steel plant in Sirajgonj?

Circumstances dictate that a processor of dairy foods determine for a given day what his output of two different products will be. The following are the existing constraints:
$$X \ge 0 \ Y \ge 0 \ 2X + 8Y \ge 80 \ 4X + 2Y \ge 56 \ 3X + 3Y \ge 75$$
and the objective function, which is to be minimized, is as follows: $$C =$30X + $10Y$$ (X, Y = hundreds of pounds to be processed)

Define unit load. What are the advantages and disadvantages of unit load concept? What are the criteria for planning a load in a unit load system?

Five empolyees are available to perform four jobs. The time it takes each person to perform each job is given in the table below.

Note: Dashes indicate person cannot do that particular job.

• Determine the assignment of employee to jobs that minimize the total time required performing four jobs.
• Write the LP model for the problem.

What is resource scheduling? Write down the objective of resource scheduling.

Five jobs are to be run-first on process I then on process II. The jobs are listed below with their time requirement on the two processes.

• Sequence the jobs by Johnson's method so that the total flow time and idle time will be minimized.
• Show the sequence and durations on a bar chart, and indicate the time at which each will be completed.

Describe product layout, process layout and fixed position layout with examples. What are the consequences of bad layout?

Define standard time of doing a job. Define allowance factor.

Distinguish between material flow chart and operator process chart.

After a stop watch time study based on 10 cycles, the following results were recorded:

• Determine normal time for each work element.
• If the total allowances for this type of work are 15%, determine the standard time for work.

What is a master production schedule? How does it differ from a forecast? What is lead time offsetting?

Is capacity requirement planning important? Give some reasons for your response.

The following figure shows the BOM of A. The master production schedule for 50 units of A in week 4, 65 in week 7 and 80 units in week 10. Lead time of A is 2 weeks. Following table shows other related information. Develop MRP for next 8 weeks for item B, D and E.

Define the term "operations management". Write down the objectives and benefits of production planning and control.

Write down the goals of reverse engineering. Make a distinction between reverse and re-engineering.

A line balancing problem is shown in Figure 1(c).

      B (3.2 mins) -- E (2.3 mins)
     / \
    /   \
   /     C (4.5 mins) -- F (3.5 mins) -- G (2.8 mins)
  /     /
 A (2.5 mins)
  \     \
   \     D (2.1 mins)
    \   /
     \ /

• What is the cycle time?
• What is the maximum production per hour?
• What is the efficiency and balance delay?
• What is the minimum number of work stations for higher production?
  🖼️ Includes Figure

What is resource scheduling? Write down the objectives of resource scheduling.

Let 5 jobs are awaiting at the beginning of a shift to be processed in machines. The processing time in days have been estimated as follows:

• Sequence the job to minimize the total elapsed time.
• Calculate total elapsed time.

Find best sequence of doing the following jobs. Consider SPT, FCFS and EDD.

Wheat is harvested in the Midwest and stored in grain elevators in three different cities (Kansas city, Omaha and Des Moines), supply three flour mills, located in three other cities (Chicago, St. Louis, and Cincinnati). The following Table summarizes factory availabilities, projected store demands and unit shipping costs.

Use the north-west corner method to find out the total cost.

Wilkerson printing has four jobs waiting to be run this morning. Fortunately, they have four printing presses available. However, the presses are of different vintage and operate at different speeds. The approximate times (in minutes) required to process each job on each press are given in bellow Table. Assign jobs to presses to minimize the press running times.

Describe product layout, process layout and fixed position layout with examples. What are the effects of bad layout?

What is unit load? What are the advantages and disadvantages of it in material handling?

What is ergonomics? Explain the importance of the body movement and posture in the context of Ergonomics.

PM computer service assembles customized personal computers from generic parts. Formed and operated by part-time UMass Lowell students Paullette Tyler and Maureen Becker, the company has steady growth since it started. The company assembles computers mostly at night, using part time students. Paullette and Maureen purchase generic computer parts in volume at a discount from a variety of sources whenever they see a good deal. Thus, they need a good forecast of demand for their computers so that they will know how many parts to purchase and stock. They have compiled demand data for the last 12 months as reported below:

Forecast the demand for January (period 13)

• Using 3-month moving average.
• Using exponential smoothing with smoothing parameter $\alpha = 0.3$ (forecast value for period 1 is 37).

Find out the possible profit of the following LP model by solving graphically if-
Objective function $z = 6x_1 + 8x_2$
Subjected to $x_1 + 2x_2 \le 12$
$2x_1 + x_2 \le 20, x_1 \ge 0, x_2 \ge 0$

When an accounting firm audits a corporation, the first phase of the audit involves obtaining "knowledge of the business". This phase of the audit requires the activities in bellow Table. Draw the project network and determine the critical path for the network, the total float and free float for each activity.

The plumbing supply company received the following price schedule for a valve from its supplied:

Annual demand is estimated at 6000 valves, and ordering cost at $10 per order. If annual holding cost is 20% of per unit purchase price. What is the best purchase quantity?

What is a supply chain? Discuss the steps in creating an effective supply chain.

The Figure 7(b) shows the BOM of A. The master production schedule for 50 units of A in week 4, 65 in week 7 and 80 units in week 10. Lead time of A is 2-weeks. Table 7 (b) shows other related information. Develop MRP for next 8 weeks for item B, D and E.

          A
         /|\
        / | \
       /  |  \
    B(2) C(1) D(2)
   /   \      /
E(2)   F(1)  E(1)

Define productivity. Explain different types of productivity improvement techniques.

Why work study is important to a production manager? Discuss the steps involved in method study.

Develop a process chart for making a cup of tea using all the symbols.