Define plant capacity factor and plant use factor. When these two factors are same?
How is the total installed capacity of a power plant decided?
A power planting costing Tk 1.1 ×1011\times 10^{11}×1011 has a useful life of 25 years. Find the amount which should be saved annually to replace the equipment at the end of that time by i) straight line method and ii) sinking fund method if the annual rate of interest is 5%. Assume that the salvage value of the equipment is Tk 4×1084 \times 10^84×108.
Why is deaerator installed at a large height from the basement? What is the function of deaerator?
What is supercritical steam cycle? Why is it more efficient?
An ideal steam power plant operates between 70 bar, 450°C and 0.07 bar. It has four feedwater heaters. Find the optimum pressures at which the heaters operate?
Differentiate between proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of coal. What do you understand by weathering of coal?
What is draft? Why induced draft system is seldom used? Why does modern system use balanced draft system?
Why secondary air are introduced in the secondary furnace of two-stage venture furnace?
Differentiate between impulse turbine and reaction turbine in terms of i) steam velocity ii) pressure drop across moving blades iii) axial thrust.
What is degree of reaction? What do you mean by degree of reaction values zero and one?
In a De Laval turbine, the steam issues from the nozzles with a velocity of 900 m/s. The nozzle angle is 20°. Blade velocity is 350 m/s. The blades are symmetrical. The mass flow rate is 600 kg/min. Friction factor is 0.8. Determine i) blade angles ii) power developed iii) blade efficiency iv) stage efficiency. Consider nozzle efficiency 93%.
What is the purpose of circulating water system in steam power plant? Classify circulating water systems. Which system is the most efficient?
Explain combination circulating water systems with advantages and disadvantages.
Why is the condensate subcooling not desired? How does terminal temperature difference influence the condenser design?
Differentiate between thermal reactor and fast reactor. Give examples of both the reactors.
Differentiate between pressurized water reactor and boiling water reactor. What are the function of pressurizer and steam generator in pressurized water reactor.
How spent nuclear fuels are disposed?
Describe the point-focus and line focus type solar collector. Draw the plant layout with these types of collector and explain the working principles.
What are the main components of a solar-thermal central-receiver system power plant. Briefly write about different heat transport systems.
What are the main types of thermal storage system considered with solar systems? Explain a solar plant with dual-tank thermal storage system.
Mention the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power plant.
What are the essential elements of a hydroelectric power plant? Discuss any five elements.
What is wind power? Show that a wind turbine is capable of converting no more that 60% of the total power of a wind to useful power.
What is daily load curve? How plant size effect plant efficiency? Define reserve factor.
Explain the parameters to be considered for planning a power plant.
A thermal power plant consists of two 70 MW units each running for 8000 hr and one 30 MW unit running for 2000 hr per year. The energy produced by the plant is 876×106876 \times 10^6876×106 kWh per year. Determine plant load factor and plant use factor. Consider maximum demand is equal to plant capacity.
Explain the working of Rankine cycle and compare it with Carnot cycle.
Differentiate between reheat and regenerative cycle.
A steam turbine gets steam at 60 bar and 450°C from a steam generator that expands to a condenser pressure of 0.07 bar. Some amount of steam is bled from the turbine at 3 bar to heat the feed water from the condenser in an open type feed water heater. Steam turbine generates 30 MW. Determine (i) the steam generation per hour, (ii) efficiency of the plant.
Differentiate between direct contact condenser and surface condenser. Mention uses of each type.
What is cogeneration? When cogeneration should be considered?
Name different NOxNO_xNOx reduction techniques. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of selective catalytic reduction technique of NOxNO_xNOx reduction.
What is the purpose of circulating water system in steam power plant? Explain closed loop circulating water system.
What is draft? Differentiate between forced draft and balanced draft system. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of these systems.
What are the factors to be considered for coal storage?
What is the difference between blade efficiency and stage efficiency of a turbine? Give expressions for the two.
How the various losses occur in a steam turbine?
For an impulse steam de Laval type, the nozzle having an angle of 16∘16^\circ16∘, delivers 1 kg of steam per sec at a speed of 720 m/s to a set of blades moving at 180 m/s. The blade angle at outlet is 25∘25^\circ25∘ and velocity coefficient is 0.72. Determine (i) blade power, (ii) blade efficiency and (iii) energy lost in the blade.
Explain the factors that control the site selection of a nuclear power reactor.
Give the classification of nuclear reactor.
Draw neat diagrams of PWR and BWR and explain the advantages and disadvantages.
How radioactive wastages are disposed off?
How the solar thermal conversion systems are classified? Briefly describe with neat sketches the parabolic dish collector and the parabolic trough collector.
Describe the working principle of solar thermal central receiver system power plant with neat sketch.
What are the uses of solar energies in Bangladesh?
What is wind power? Show that a wind turbine is capable of converting no more than 60% of the total power of a wind to useful power.
What is a load-duration curve? Elaborate its importance in power systems.
What is meant by load factor and diversity factor?
A central power station has annual factors as follows: Load factor 58.5%, capacity factor 40.9% and use factor 45.2%. The reserve carried over and above peak load is 8900 kW. Find (i) installed capacity (ii) annual energy production, (iii) hours per year the plant in service.
What is the use of feed water heaters? What are the different types of feed water heaters? Discuss the various arrangements of feed water heaters.
What is the function of a superheater? Contrast convection and radiant superheaters.
A regenerative cycle has turbine inlet pressure of 40 bar and dry saturated. Steam expands in the turbine to a condenser pressure of 0.04 bar. Steam is bled at 3.6 bar from the turbine to heat the condensate water in the open type feed water heater. Neglecting the pump work, determine the cycle efficiency.
What is the main purpose of circulating water system? Draw the schematic diagram of closed loop circulating water system. How much could be the make-up water required for wet cooling tower operating on closed loop?
A natural draft cooling tower with a range of 10∘C10^{\circ}C10∘C receives 1.6×1061.6 \times 10^61.6×106 L/min of 35∘C35^{\circ}C35∘C circulating water. The outside air at 15∘C15^{\circ}C15∘C, 1 atm and 50% relative humidity. The exit air is at 25∘C25^{\circ}C25∘C saturated. Calculate (i) the amount of make-up water needed to compensate evaporation and (ii) the outside air required in m3/minm^3/minm3/min. Given, outside air density is 1.2 kg/m31.2 \text{ kg/m}^31.2 kg/m3. [cp=1.005 kJ/kg-Kc_p = 1.005 \text{ kJ/kg-K}cp=1.005 kJ/kg-K]
Why is steam turbine compounded? Explain velocity compounded impulse turbine. Mention its problems.
Differentiate between impulse and reaction steam turbine.
In a De Laval turbine, the steam issues from the nozzles with a velocity of 900 m/s. The nozzle angle is 20∘20^{\circ}20∘, the blade velocity is 350 m/s. The blades are symmetrical. The mass flow rate is 600 kg/min. Friction factor is 0.8. Determine (i) blade angles, (ii) power developed, (iii) blade efficiency and (iv) stage efficiency.
Explain the factors that control the site selection of nuclear power plant.
Draw neat diagram of PWR and BWR and explain the advantages and disadvantages.
How radioactive wastes are disposed off?
Define the following terms :
Explain the parabolic dish, point focus type solar thermal power plant. Mention uses.
Differentiate between cavity type receiver and external type receiver. Which one is more efficient and why?
Explain various elements of general layout for a hydroelectric power plant with neat sketch.
State the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power plant.
Show that a wind turbine is capable of converting no more than 60 percent of the total power of a wind to useful power.
Why energy elements of electrical energy cost is dependent on energy output of a power plant?
Why load curve is important in power generation of a power plant?
The yearly load duration curve of a certain plant can be considered as a straight line from 20 MW to 3 MW. To meet this load, three turbine-generator units, two rated at 10 MW each and one at 5 MW, are installed. Determine (i) installed capacity, (ii) plant use factor, (iii) maximum demand, (iv) load factor.
What is superheated Rankine cycle? How it is different from saturated cycle? Why superheated cycle is more efficient?
Explain the effect of regeneration on steam cycle output and efficiency.
A regenerative cycle operates with steam supplied at 30 bar and 300°C, and the condenser pressure is 0.08 bar. The extraction point for one open type feed water heater is 3 bar. Calculate the thermal efficiency of the plant neglecting pump work.
How in a coal fired power plant dust particle size affects dust collectors efficiency?
Why in steam power plant boiler makeup water is necessary and this water should be treated?
A condenser that handles 382 kg/sec of 90% steam quality at 0.08 bar, as well as 46 kg/sec of 45°C drain water from the feed water heater. Fresh cooling water is available at 20°C. Calculate the number of tubes required, cooling water flow rate, inner tube diameter and power required for cooling water flow rate. Given, tube outside diameter = 22mm, each tube length = 15m, two pass. Cooling water velocity = 2m/s. Overall heat transfer coefficient = 2 kW/m²-K. Terminal temperature difference = 3°C. Pressure drop in water boxes = 12.8cm H₂O, Pressure drop in tubes = 0.3cm water/cm.
A natural draft cooling tower with a range of 12°C receives 1,600,000 liter/min of 32°C circulating water. The outside air is at 15.5°C, 1 atm and 50% relative humidity. The exit air is at 26°C saturated. Calculate the amount of makeup water needed to compensate evaporation.
For an impulse steam De Laval type, the nozzle having an angle of 16°, delivers 1 kg of steam per sec at a speed of 720 m/s to a set of blades moving at 180 m/s. The blade angle at outlet is 25° and velocity coefficient is 0.72. Determine (i) blade power, (ii) blade efficiency (iii) energy lost in the blade.
Calculate the energy released during fission of 1 kg of U235 as per following fission process: 01n+23592U→14156Ba+9236Kr+301n+γ{^1_0}n + {^{235}{92}}U \rightarrow {^{141}{56}}Ba + {^{92}{36}}Kr + 3{^1_0}n + \gamma01n+23592U→14156Ba+9236Kr+301n+γ Assume masses of different elements and particles in unified atomic mass scale, u, (1u = 1.6604×10−271.6604 \times 10^{-27}1.6604×10−27 kg) are: mnm_nmn: 1.00879u; mUm_UmU: 234.9855u; mBam{Ba}mBa: 137.8716u; mKrm_{Kr}mKr: 94.877u;
With schematic diagram briefly explain the working principle and characteristics of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR).
Differentiate between 'Slow/Thermal Neutron Reactors' and 'Fast Neutron Reactors (FNRs)'.
What are the advantages of hydroelectric power plant over steam power plant? Mention important factors for consideration during site selection of a Hydro-power plant.
What are the functions of dam, spillways and draft tube?
The mean monthly discharge at a particular site is given below.
Differentiate between point-focus and line-focus solar collector. What is concentration ratio?
Explain working principle of solar-thermal control-receiver system power plant. What is the prospect of this system in Bangladesh?
What is the future of solar energy in Bangladesh?
What do you understand by “load factor and diversity factor”? Prove that the load factor of a power system is improved by an increase in diversity of load.
The following data pertain to a power plant: Installed capacity = 200 MW; Capital cost = Tk 4×10104 \times 10^{10}4×1010; Annual cost of fuel, taxes, and salaries =Tk 6×1096 \times 10^96×109; Rate of interest = 5% of the capital; Rate of depreciation = 6% of the capital; Annual load factor = 65%; Capacity factor = 55%; Energy used in running the plant auxiliaries = 4% of the total energy generated. Determine (i) the reserve capacity and (ii) the cost of power generation.
Explain the sinking fund method of calculating the depreciation.
Differentiate between saturated Rankine cycle and superheated Rankine cycle. If the two cycles work at the same boiler pressure which will be more efficient? Explain.
An ideal Rankine cycle operate with 180 bar, 550°C steam. It has one closed feedwater heater with drain pumped forward placed at 15 bar. The condenser pressure is 0.07 bar. TTD = 3°C. Calculate thermal efficiency.
What is once-through boiler? How do it differ from drum boiler?
Why fill is used in wet cooling tower?
Cooling water enters a cooling tower at a rate of 1000 kg/hr and 70°C. Water is pumped from the base of the water at 24°C and some makeup water is added afterwards. Air enters the tower at 15°C, 50% RH, 1.013 bar, and is drawn from the tower saturated at 35°C, 1.013 bar. Calculate the flow rate of the dry air and makeup water required per hour. CpaC_{pa}Cpa = 1.005 KJ/kg.K.
How sulfur dioxides are extracted from coal based thermal power plants?
What is draft? What are the different types of draft losses?
What is cogeneration? When this process is used? Give example.
Why are steam turbines compounded? What are the different methods of compounding? How is the numbers of stages of a turbine estimated?
In a De Laval turbine the steam issues from the nozzles with a velocity of 900 m/s. The nozzle angle is 20°. Blade velocity is 350 m/s. The blades are symmetrical. The mass flow rate is 600 kg/min. Friction factor is 0.8. Determine (i) blade angle, (ii) power developed, (iii) blade efficiency, and (iv) stage efficiency if nozzle efficiency is 93%.
What are the different types of reactors commonly used in nuclear power plant? Describe the fast breeder reactor.
Explain the properties of “control rods” and “moderator” used in a nuclear reactor.
One unit of Rooppur nuclear power plant will produce 1200 MW. How much of Uranium fuel (92U235{92}U^{235}92U235) need to be used for producing 1200 MW for one year? The fission reaction is as follows, 92U235+0n1→56Ba137+36Kr97+20n1{92}U^{235} + {0}n^{1} \rightarrow {56}Ba^{137} + {36}Kr^{97} + 2{0}n^{1}92U235+0n1→56Ba137+36Kr97+20n1 Neutron =1.008665 amu, 92U235{92}U^{235}92U235 = 235.043915 amu, 56Ba137{56}Ba^{137}56Ba137 = 136.9061 amu, 36Kr97_{36}Kr^{97}36Kr97 = 96.9212 amu, 1 amu = 1.6605402×10−271.6605402 \times 10^{-27}1.6605402×10−27 kg, C = 2.997925×1082.997925 \times 10^82.997925×108 m/s, Avogadro's number = 6.02252×10236.02252 \times 10^{23}6.02252×1023 molecules/gmole.
What is solar constant? What are the uses of solar energy in Bangladesh?
What is receiver? Mention different types of receiver. Differentiate between point focus type and line focus type receiver.
What are the potential of solar energy in energy crises in Bangladesh? Describe the different types of thermal storage system.
What is hydraulic power? How this power is produced? What is run-off?
Name the essential elements of a hydroelectric power plant. Mention functions of any four elements.
Show that a horizontal axis wind turbine is capable of converting no more than 60 percent of the total power of a wind to useful power.